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This study developed an Automated Egg Incubator for Hatching Purposes to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the egg incubation process. The system was designed to address the limitations of traditional manual incubation by automating essential functions such as temperature regulation, humidity control, ventilation, and egg turning. It integrates sensors, a microcontroller, heating elements, a humidification system, and an automated egg turning mechanism to maintain optimal incubation conditions throughout the incubation period. The system continuously monitored and regulated the incubation environment in real time to ensure suitable conditions for embryo development. The development process followed the Waterfall Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) methodology, which consists of the Planning, Requirements Analysis, Design and Development, Testing, Deployment, and Maintenance phases. Various system design tools, including the Context Diagram, Data Flow Diagram (DFD), Activity Diagram, HIPO Diagram, and Use Case Diagram, were utilized to illustrate the system’s structure, processes, and functionality. During testing and evaluation, the incubator successfully maintained stable temperature and humidity conditions through automated monitoring and control mechanisms. The system maintains the required temperature of 37.5 °C and humidity level of 60%, which provided suitable conditions for successful hatching. The system achieved a hatchability rate of 90%, demonstrating its effectiveness in providing proper incubation conditions for successful hatching, while automated egg turning improved heat distribution and prevented embryo adhesion to the eggshell. Furthermore, the system reduced manual intervention by approximately 85%, significantly minimizing human error and labor requirements. Real-time monitoring and data display enabled users to efficiently track incubation conditions, system status, and hatching progress. The findings indicate that the developed Automated Egg Incubator is reliable, efficient, and cost-effective for poultry farmers, backyard raisers, and small-scale hatchery operators. The study concludes that the system has strong potential to improve hatchability, increase productivity, and support modern poultry farming practices through automation and real-time environmental management.
A total of 2, 165 individuals of bryophytes were documented in all the research sites in Mount Kulabog, Lakewood comprising one hundred ten (110) species from thirty-five (35) families, from fifty-six (56) (genera). Among these groups of bryophytes there are ninety-one (91) species of mosses with forty-six (46) genera and twenty-six (26) families of liverwortsThis study reveals the variation of bryophytes richness and distribution in the different elevation gradient. The given result in the floristic studies noted that diversity of the bryoflora can be explained in terms of large number of different habitats found on large green old forest growth. Bryophytes that occurs and survived in the (trunks) belong to the family Daltoniaceae, Sematophyllaceae, Meteoriaceae, Thuidiaceae, Hypnaceae, Lophocoleaceae, Leucobryaceae, Dicranaceae, Neckeraceae, Plagiochilaceae, Polytrichaceae, Rhizogoniaceae, Sematophyllaceae, Flatbergiaceae, Hypnodendraceae, Pterobryaceae, Calymperaceae, Thuidiaceae, Hypnaceae, Lepidoziaceae, bryophytes survive in the (moist soil) Pottiaceae, Lepidoziaceae, Bryaceae, Calymperaceae, Lejeuneaceae, Fissidentaceae, Neckeraceae, Hypnaceae, Lejeuneaceae, Orthotrichaceae, Marchantiaceae, Daltoniaceae, Meteoriaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Pallaviciniaceae, Bartramiaceae, Mniaceae, Pterobryaceae, Bryaceae, Aneuraceae, Schistochilaceae, Cryphaeaceae, Sematophyllaceae, Lejeuneaceae, bryophytes that survivred in the (twigs and branch) are Meteoriaceae, Hypnaceae, Thuidiaceae, Fissidentaceae, Neckeraceae, Octoblepharaceae, some bryophytes also occur in the (rock and leaves) specifically Entodontaceae, Thuidiaceae, Fissidentaceae, Calymperaceae, PlagiocAs the hilaceae, Sematophyllaceae. The highest number of families species includes Fissidentaceae ( 11 species, 2 genera), Leucobryaceae ( 10 species, 1 genus), Thuidiaceae (10 species, 3 genera), Sematophyllaceae (7 species, 4 genera). Station As the research study reveal Station 1, 2, 3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,7 ,8 ,9 ,10 indicates a moderate abundance diversity with the value 0.47, 0.43, 0.38, 0.31, 0.39, 0.35, 0.45, 0.46, 0.40, 0.45 with an overall result of 0.40 indicated from all station 1-10 which has a moderate value. The diversity and abundance of Mount Kulabog, Lakewood, Zamboanga Del Sur was in range of stable and high diversity value which represented that the area are not disturbed.
This study investigated the impact of a Physical Education community extension program supplemented by Traditional Filipino Games in shaping the urban community of barangay Sto. Niño, Pagadian City. Specifically, it sought to assess the program's influenced on cultural continuity, social cohesion, and the promotion of healthier lifestyles among children. Using a mixed-methods research design, the study gathered information through an observation checklist and structured interviews involving 46 respondents, including children, parents, SK officials, and local residents. Findings revealed that the program achieved a "High Level of Participation" across all measured dimensions. Physical Engagement recorded the highest mean score (107.21), indicating that the games successfully motivated consistent effort through active play and the provision of incentives. Inferential analysis using fitted line plots established that the sessions have a significant influence on participation levels, with physical engagement showing the strongest relationship (R²=0.4323), followed by social interaction and cooperation (R²=0.3662). Emotional and Cognitive Engagement (Mean = 100.50) and Social Interaction and Cooperation (Mean = 99.79) were also significant, fostering the "Bayanihan" spirit and building new friendships among diverse puroks. However, regression analysis revealed a consistent negative trend, indicating that engagement levels gradually declined as sessions advanced. Despite this decline, the program achieved a very high sustainable impact on social cohesion (8.838) and healthy lifestyles (8.783). Compliance, Respect, and Sportsmanship (Mean = 95.57) showed the most variation, as the competitive nature of the games required active facilitation. Key facilitating factors included local officials support, while extreme heat and household responsibilities were identified as primary hindrances. The study concluded that Traditional Filipino Games are effective, low-cost tools for community development, physical fitness, and cultural preservation. It is recommended that local government units integrate these games into regular youth programs to ensure sustainable community health and social bonding.
This study examined the relationship between the frequency and intensity of group physical activity exercises and the physical fitness levels of Bachelor of Science in Biology (BSBIO) students enrolled in the PATHFIT 3 course at ZDSPGC Pagadian City, Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines, during the Academic Year 2025–2026. Using a descriptive correlational research design, the study investigated how structured group exercise participation influenced various components of health-related physical fitness. Data on exercise frequency and intensity were collected through a structured questionnaire, with intensity assessed using the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. Pre- and post-assessment physical fitness tests evaluated cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, coordination, agility, speed, power, balance, reaction time, and body composition. Results revealed statistically significant improvements in most fitness components after participation in the exercise program. Mean heart rate significantly decreased from 88.33 bpm to 82.19 bpm (t = 7.46, p < 0.001), indicating enhanced cardiovascular efficiency. Muscular strength and endurance improved substantially, with median push-up performance increasing from 15.50 to 41.00 repetitions (W = 666.0, p < 0.001). Significant gains were also observed in coordination, agility, speed, power, balance, and reaction time (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). However, flexibility showed only slight improvement (p = 0.083), while body composition remained unchanged. Overall, the findings indicate that both exercise frequency and intensity significantly contribute to improved physical fitness among university students.
This study investigates the relationship between physical activity and calorie intake among different demographic groups in selected urban and rural barangays of Pagadian City and Labangan, Zamboanga del Sur. Guided by the COM-B Model of Behavior, the study explores how capability, opportunity, and motivation influence dietary and exercise behaviors, while demographic factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and geographic location serve as moderating variables.A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and standardized physical fitness tests to collect data from 583 respondents, comprising adolescents (12–18 years) and adults (19–44 years). Stratified random sampling ensured representation across urban and rural barangays. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine differences and relationships between variables, with hypotheses tested at a 0.05 significance level. Overall, the findings indicate that physical activity levels were relatively similar between rural and urban respondents, while calorie intake differed significantly across locations. Urban residents generally consumed higher calories, likely influenced by environmental and socioeconomic factors, whereas rural respondents showed lower calorie intake with comparable activity levels. The study revealed a statistically significant but weak positive correlation between weekly calorie intake and physical activity, indicating inconsistent energy balance among participants. While physical activity levels remained similar across demographics, calorie intake differed significantly by location: urban residents (Sto. Niño at 19,510 kcal/week) consumed substantially more than rural residents (Bokong at 13,930 kcal/week). Furthermore, a Chi-square test confirmed that physical fitness levels are significantly associated with locality , suggesting that environmental and lifestyle factors, rather than calorie intake alone, are the primary drivers of physical fitness outcomes. Physical activity and calorie intake are weakly related, while fitness varies by environment. Overall, fitness depends on lifestyle, environment, and nutrition.
This study investigated the relationship between fundamental movement skills (FMS), physical fitness levels, and health monitoring variables among 595 respondents from ten selected barangays in Labangan, Zamboanga del Sur. Utilizing a quantitative correlational research design, data were collected through standardized FMS assessments (adapted from the TGMD-2), physical fitness tests (measuring cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, coordination, and balance), and socio-demographic questionnaires. The findings revealed that the majority of respondents were male (55.0%) and belonged to the adolescent age group (40.7%). While most respondents demonstrated "moderately functional" movement skills (mean score of 17.52), over half (51.38%) were classified with a "good" overall physical fitness level. Significant differences in physical fitness were observed across occupational groups, with construction workers obtaining the highest mean FMS score (M = 19.08, SD = 0.89), followed by drivers (M = 18.12, SD = 1.83), miners (M = 17.89, SD = 1.72), and farmers (M = 17.41, SD = 1.65), while respondents with no occupation recorded the lowest mean score (M = 17.34, SD = 1.82). Correlation analysis further demonstrated a positive relationship between physical fitness and FMS performance, as respondents with higher fitness levels showed better movement competence, reflected in the overall mean FMS score of 17.52 (SD = 1.78). Physiological monitoring also revealed significant cardiovascular responses to activity, with heart rate significantly increasing from 93.74 bpm before activity to 118.96 bpm after activity (t = 18.67, p = 0.000), while oxygen saturation remained stable with no significant difference before and after activity (t = 0.84, p = 0.401). These findings emphasize the important role of physical fitness in improving motor performance, cardiovascular efficiency, and physiological recovery across different age and occupational groups.
This study determined the extent of parental involvement and its relationship to the physical education development of student-athletes in terms of physical performance skills and mental well-being. Conducted at Zamboanga del Sur National High School and J.H. Cerilles State College during the Academic Year 2025–2026, the research involved 50 athlete-respondents engaged in basketball, volleyball, and arnis, paired with 50 corresponding parent-respondents. Using a quantitative-correlational design, data were gathered through survey questionnaires and actual physical assessments. Statistical treatments such as Mean, Standard Deviation, Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, and Kruskal-Wallis Test were employed to analyze profiles, levels of involvement, and significant relationships and differences. Results revealed that parents exhibited a high extent of involvement in emotional, informational, and instrumental support (Mean = 4.52). Correspondingly, athletes demonstrated competent to proficient levels in physical skills (Mean = 3.47) and positive mental well-being characterized by high motivation and resilience (Mean = 4.38). Inferential analysis confirmed a significant positive relationship (p < 0.05) between parental involvement and holistic development, proving that supportive parenting directly enhances physical competence and psychological strength. Significant variations were also observed across sports disciplines and demographic profiles. The study concludes that parents are vital partners in the grassroots development of sports psychology. An intervention program and informational guide are proposed to strengthen parental roles and sustain positive youth sports engagement.
This study explored the Pakiring dance as a cultural text through an ethnochoreological lens, focusing on how its movements, music, costume, and facial expressions embody the identity, beliefs, and traditions of the Maguindanao people. Using qualitative research method, including respondent observation, interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis, the study investigated how dancers and audiences co construct cultural meaning through performance. Findings revealed that costume emerged as the core symbol of cultural identity, serving as a non negotiable marker of authenticity, while the use of props was optional and context dependent. The embodied symbolism of movements, particularly the butterfly inspired hip sways and graceful hand gestures, conveyed values of elegance, respect, interaction, and communal harmony. Emphasis, clarity, flexibility, and simplicity in movement execution allowed individual expression while maintaining shared cultural meaning. The study further found that the transition from traditional instruments such as kulintang and agong to modern musical accompaniment reflected cultural adaptation without diminishing symbolic continuity. Facial expressions, especially smiling and controlled fierceness, played a significant role in shaping emotional and cultural interpretation and remained appropriate and culturally aligned. Ultimately, the study highlighted the importance of community participation, audience interpretation, and documentation in sustaining Pakiring’s relevance in contemporary society. Pakiring was found to be a living tradition that preserves cultural identity, strengthens social bonds, and transmits heritage across generations. It is recommended that Pakiring be systematically documented and integrated into cultural and educational programs to ensure its preservation and continued cultural significance.
Using a mixed-method research design, this study examined the influence of physical activity habits on the professional performance of faculty members in higher education institutions, specifically at Zamboanga del Sur Provincial Government College campuses in Aurora, Dimataling, Tigbao, and Pagadian City. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed to assess faculty members’ physical activity habits, perceptions of physical activity, and professional performance. Data were gathered from full-time faculty members using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and evaluation sheets measuring teaching effectiveness, classroom management, and attendance. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, binomial test, correlation analyses, and non-parametric tests, were utilized at a 0.05 level of significance. Results revealed that faculty members generally demonstrated moderate physical activity levels. Moderate-intensity activities were performed an average of 3.89 days per week (M = 3.889, SD = 1.801) with a mean duration of 2.08 hours per session (M = 2.083, SD = 1.574), while vigorous-intensity activities were performed an average of 2.41 days per week (M = 2.414, SD = 1.181) with a mean duration of 1.90 hours per session (M = 1.897, SD = 1.113). Binomial test results further showed overwhelmingly positive perceptions regarding the benefits of physical activity, with 50 out of 52 respondents perceiving improvements in cognitive function and teaching motivation, and all 52 respondents affirming that physical activity contributes to emotional well-being and stress management. However, despite these positive perceptions, inferential analysis revealed no statistically significant relationship between physical activity habits and professional performance among faculty members in Zamboanga del Sur Provincial Government College. Specifically, the frequency and duration of physical activity did not significantly predict differences in teaching effectiveness, classroom management, organization, or other domains of professional performance.
This study investigated the relationship between physical fitness components and course-related stamina among college students at Zamboanga Del Sur Provincial Government College, Pagadian City, during the academic year 2025–2026. It examined how cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition relate to students’ perceived ability to sustain academic demands such as attending classes, studying, completing requirements, and preparing for examinations. A quantitative research design was used, employing survey questionnaires and standardized fitness assessments for data collection. Findings revealed that students exhibited a generally high level of perceived course-related stamina, with an overall grand mean of 8.54. Among the programs, Bachelor of Science in Biology obtained the highest overall stamina mean (M = 8.64), followed by Bachelor of Physical Education (M = 8.56) and Bachelor of Science in Information Systems (M = 8.42). Across stamina dimensions, determination recorded the highest overall mean (M = 8.73), while resilience obtained the lowest (M = 8.37), though still interpreted as high. Notably, BSBio respondents achieved a very high determination score (M = 9.03). Principal Component Analysis produced two components explaining 100% of the variance, with PC1 accounting for 57.6% (eigenvalue = 4.6073) and PC2 accounting for 42.4% (eigenvalue = 3.3927). PC1 reflected a psychological stamina dimension with strong positive loadings for emotional control (0.411) and resilience (0.392), and a negative loading for normalized physical fitness (−0.442), indicating an inverse relationship. PC2 represented performance integration, where confidence (0.532), determination (0.453), and focus (0.377) showed positive associations with physical fitness. Overall, students demonstrated high stamina levels and generally comparable fitness profiles, with psychological attributes strongly influencing perceived academic stamina.
This study investigated the relationship between cultural practices difficulty and physical fitness levels among Physical Education students from the Tri-People of Zamboanga del Sur, representing Christian, Muslim, and Indigenous groups. Adopting a quantitative research design, the study involved 254 first- and second-year students enrolled in the Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness (PATHFit) course. Data were collected via survey questionnaires regarding perceived difficulties and standardized fitness tests, followed by analysis through Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and Chi-square tests. Inferential analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences among the ethnocultural groups in body mass index (H = 18.17, p = .000), cardiovascular endurance (H = 17.13, p = .000), and muscular endurance (H = 37.05, p = .000), while no significant difference was observed in muscular strength (p > .05). Post-hoc testing indicated that Indigenous students recorded the highest median BMI and muscular endurance, while Muslim students demonstrated superior cardiovascular recovery efficiency. Furthermore, a Chi-square test of independence established a significant relationship between ethnocultural background and the difficulties experienced in physical activities (chi^2 = 34.096, p = .000), suggesting that perceived hurdles are uniquely associated with cultural identity. The findings indicated that while all groups perceived cultural and physical activities as slightly difficult, their underlying physical profiles remained distinct. The study concluded that Physical Education among the Tri-People is culturally inclusive and effectively supports physical development without marginalizing cultural identity. It recommends that academic programs remain culturally sensitive to better support diverse student needs and promote equitable learning opportunities across all ethnocultural backgrounds effectively.
This study examined the prevalence of physical inactivity and its relationship with selected health indicators among college students from Pagadian Capitol College, West Prime Horizon. and Yllana Bayview College. A descriptive-comparative research design was employed, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential tests, including one-way ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis test. Findings revealed that respondents were relatively homogeneous in age, height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) across the three institutions. The prevalence of physical inactivity was moderately high and consistent across schools, with no significant differences found in overall inactivity levels (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were observed across inactivity domains (p < 0.05), particularly in daily activity behaviors. In terms of health indicators, oxygen saturation showed a significant difference across schools (p < 0.05), while heart rate did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). Overall, the results indicate that physical inactivity is a common concern among college students regardless of institutional affiliation. The findings emphasize that inactivity is influenced more by behavioral, environmental, and motivational factors than by school context. These results highlight the need for comprehensive and multi-institutional interventions focusing on lifestyle modification, improved physical activity engagement, and supportive environments to enhance physical fitness and health outcomes among college respondents.